极简现代歌剧院设计方案

由joshua ramus领导的建筑事务所REX公布了其在柏林一家歌剧院的扩建方案。"柏林歌剧院 "位于berenstra?e，距离unter den linden仅有几步之遥，于2019年12月发起竞赛，提出对现有建筑进行改造和现代化的方案。

同时还要求增加一个新的相邻结构，包含排练和练习区、办公室和公共空间，如咖啡馆和商店。REX是大赛的决赛选手之一，最终由德国kadawittfeldarchitektur公司赢得了比赛。

REX, the architecture firm led by joshua ramus, has unveiled its proposal for the expansion of an opera house in berlin. located on behrenstra?e, just a few steps from unter den linden, the ‘komische oper berlin’ launched the competition in december 2019, calling for proposals that would renovate and modernize the existing building. the brief also called for the addition of a new adjoining structure to contain rehearsal and practice areas, offices, and public spaces, such as cafés and a shop. REX was one of the contest’s finalists, with the competition eventually won by german practice kadawittfeldarchitektur.

REX的方案被描述为对现有的komische oper建筑的“尊重而又独立的合作伙伴”。大多数的功能被有效地包含在一个“核”中。

在这里，有两个排练阶段、管弦乐队排练和练习室，它们位于一个包含乘客和场景电梯、楼梯和休息室的中心循环中心的两侧。

与此同时,在behrenstra?e,建筑是由一个新的公共广场的支持户外餐饮和可以作为户外场所表演、展览、市场、时装表演、或电影。

REX’s proposal is described as a ‘respectful yet individual partner’ to the existing komische oper building. the expansion’s functions are efficiently contained within a ‘nucleus’. here, two rehearsal stages, the orchestra rehearsal, and the suite of practice rooms flank a central circulation hub that contains passenger and scene elevators, stairs, and lounges. meanwhile, on behrenstra?e, the building is fronted by a new public plaza that supports outdoor dining and can serve as an outdoor venue for performances, exhibitions, markets, fashion shows, or cinema.

这个设计方案旨在创建一个相互尊重的、独立的合作伙伴，突出komische oper建筑，并定义一个新的城市节点，适合机构的重要性。

它的周边体量、向外的公共功能和宽敞的城市广场将建筑融入社区的肌理之中。低调但动态的正面允许扩张的创造性能量溢出到公共领域或完全与世隔绝。

this proposed design for the komische oper expansion aspires to create a respectful and individual partner that highlights the komische oper building and defines a new urban node befitting the significance of the institution. its contextual massing, outward-facing public functions, and generous urban plaza integrate the building in the neighborhood’s fabric. its understated yet dynamic fac?ade allows the expansion’s creative energy to spill out into the public realm or be fully cloistered when desired.

komische oper扩建项目将其基本功能浓缩为一个动态的“核心”:两个排演阶段，管弦乐队排演，和一套练习室横跨一个中央“循环中心”，包括乘客和场景电梯、楼梯，以及供表演者、布景、乐器和设备流动运动的休息室。

这种紧凑的组织使核心成为一个高效的排练节点，由于在排练阶段使用了可变的耙式地板机械，成为一个活跃的公共表演场所，也能够举办私人活动，提高经济生产力。

the komische oper expansion condenses its essential functions into a dynamic ‘nucleus:’ the two rehearsal stages, the orchestra rehearsal, and the suite of practice rooms straddle a central ‘circulation hub’ containing passenger and scene elevators, stairs, and lounges for the fluid movement of performers, scenery, instruments, and equipment. this compact organization renders the nucleus a highly efficient rehearsal node and — due to the variable raked floor machinery in the rehearsal stages — a lively public performance venue, able to also host private functions for increased economic productivity.

nucleus的流通中心将表演者和技术人员——以及排练和其他支持空间——直接连接到现有的komische歌剧院的主舞台和管弦乐池。

更大的排练舞台毗邻侧舞台入口，允许布景配置在不影响其他功能的情况下进行测试和运输。新的乐团排练和乐器存储与乐团池对齐，确保演出前使用的及时周转。

the nucleus’ circulation hub connects performers and technicians — as well as rehearsal and other support spaces — directly to the existing komische oper’s main stage and orchestra pit. the larger rehearsal stage is adjacent to the side stage entrance, allowing set configurations to be tested and transported without disrupting other functions. the new orchestra rehearsal and instrument storage are aligned with the orchestra pit, ensuring timely turn-over from pre-show uses.

除了最大限度地扩大与现有komische oper的连接，nucleus的紧凑性保留了所需的装载和出口通道，同时保持了关键的20米宽的彩排阶段的占地面积。

演员和工作人员访问komische扩张了歌剧院glinkastra?e保持主导地位komische加工的不同入口behrenstra?e,作为观众的公共访问点和米作为文化里程碑。

现有的演员入口在后庭的komische oper进行了改进，新的安全前厅毗邻扩建的场景码头，并对其进行了安全监督。

in addition to maximizing connectivity with the existing komische oper, the nucleus’ compactness preserves the required loading and egress alleys while maintaining the critical 20-meter-wide footprint of the rehearsal stages. performer and staff access to the komische oper expansion is off glinkastra?e to retain primacy of the komische oper’s distinct entrance on behrenstra?e, both as the public access point for audiences and as a cultural landmark in mitte. the existing performer entrance to komische oper in the rear courtyard is improved with a new security vestibule adjacent to — and with security oversight of — the expansions’ scene dock.

核心的紧凑性也使城市活化剂能够达到其目的。在behrenstra?e,咖啡馆的三层堆叠?提供意见的城市和较大的彩排阶段。一个新的公共广场——“城市空间”——在咖啡馆前?支持户外餐厅,可以作为外部场所表演、展览、市场、时装表演、或电影。

在山下，新的票房、商店和餐馆增加了喜歌剧院在这条受欢迎的大街上的知名度。像?咖啡馆,餐馆,有自己的专用的入口为独立操作,让客人看小彩排彩排活动阶段。由于这些公共用途将吸引客流量，它们也将通过komische oper的节目创造新的客户粘性，并提供非演出收入来源。

the nucleus’ compactness also enables urban activators to cap its ends. on behrenstra?e, the three stacked floors of the cafe? provide views both out to the city and into the larger rehearsal stage. a new public plaza — the ‘urban room’ — in front of the cafe? supports outdoor dining and can serve as an exterior venue for performances, exhibitions, markets, fashion shows, or cinema. on unter den linden, the new box office, shop, and restaurant increase the komische oper’s visibility on this popular thoroughfare. like the cafe?, the restaurant — with its own, dedicated entrance for independent operation — allows guests to watch the rehearsal activities in the smaller rehearsal stage. as these public uses will draw in foot traffic, they also create new patron engagement with komische oper’s programming and support non-performance revenue streams.

作为公开演出彩排阶段空间时,顾客访问这些场馆的入口?咖啡馆和餐馆等公共和私人之间的明确界定功能是维护;份?咖啡馆和餐厅成为场馆的游说和酒吧空间。

扩建部分策略性地与komische oper入口区块的后部排列，以保留其历史入口的重要视线，并保留装载通道作为扩建部分的通道。

when the rehearsal stages serve as public performance spaces, patrons access these venues from the entrances of the cafe? and restaurant such that clear demarcation between public and private functions is maintained; portions of the cafe? and restaurant become the venues’ lobby and bar spaces. the expansion lines up strategically with the back of komische oper’s entry block to preserve the important sightlines to its historic entrance, and maintains the loading alley as a passageway under the extension.

办公室、仪器存储和机械空间被组织在核心和新的城市设施的上下长酒吧中，延伸到场地的110米。

办公楼层以双层庭院为特色，将阳光和新鲜空气引入工作空间。由于可展开的EFTE枕头，它们可以全年使用。

办公室的地板上创建一个20米长的悬臂behrenstra?e,定义了城市空间。在近15米高,悬臂框架视图从角落komische加工glinkastra?e和behrenstra?e,进一步加强恭敬的两栋建筑之间的共生关系。

在山下，类似的10米长的悬臂(创造了下面的玻璃封闭的售票处)延伸了支持歌剧院的公共人行道。

the offices, instrument storage, and mechanical spaces are organized in long bars above and below the nucleus and the new urban amenities, stretching to the site’s full 110 m. the office floors feature double-story courtyards that introduce daylight and fresh air into the work spaces. they can be used year-round thanks to deployable EFTE pillows. the office floors create a 20-meter-long cantilever on behrenstra?e that defines the urban room. at almost 15 m high, the cantilever frames views to the komische oper from the corner of glinkastra?e and behrenstra?e, further enhancing the respectful symbiosis between the two buildings. a similar 10-meter-long cantilever (creating the glass-enclosed box office below) on unter den linden extends the opera support building’s covered public walkway.

扩张的双层正面的综合石材百叶窗(匹配白色白色短衣砂岩重新安装在现有komische加工)是建筑最明显的特征之一,视觉和可持续。

4.2米高的3 m圆弧百叶窗180度旋转跟踪太阳,但是也给表演者选项1)暴露他们的工作,根据需要,路人,2)受益于在大白天排练,最小亮度和眩光)创建完整的管制环境。正面的不断变化的性质给出了构建其微妙的动态身份。

the expansion’s double-skin fac?ade with its integrated stone louvers (matching the white cottaer sandstone to be reinstalled on the existing komische oper) is one of the building’s most notable features, visually and sustainably. the 3 m to 4.2 m tall arced louvers rotate 180 degrees to track the sun, but also give performers the options to 1) expose their work — as desired — to passersby, 2) benefit from rehearsing in full daylight, with minimized brightness and glare, or 3) create full blackout environments. the fac?ade’s ever-changing nature gives the building its subtle yet dynamic identity.

每个立面的两层玻璃，它们之间的自然通风空洞，以及封闭的石材太阳/眩光控制百叶，结合起来显著减少了建筑的机械和电力负荷。

双层表皮/空气腔减轻了外部温度的波动，并创造了一个自然通风的烟囱效应。当石头百叶窗垂直于太阳旋转时，日光进入建筑深处，减少电负荷，为被动供暖加热结构的地板和墙壁。

each facade’s two glazing layers, the naturally-ventilated cavity between them, and their enclosed, stone sun/glare-control louvers, combine to significantly reduce the building’s mechanical and electrical loads. the double-skin/air cavity mitigates the fluctuations of external temperatures and creates a chimney stack effect which naturally ventilates the cavity. when the stone louvers are rotated perpendicular to the sun, daylight reaches deep into the building, reducing electrical loads and warming up the structure’s floors and walls for passive heating.

fac?外壳的外部玻璃层是由heat-curved、叠层,裸露的低铁玻璃面板pre-bonded挤压铝联锁磁带,贴在top-hung钢“T”配置文件提供一个最小的外观。

内玻璃层由双层上釉、热弯、低铁安全玻璃单元组成，表面3涂有三银low-e涂层;它的安装类似于外部层压板与预上釉铝组件和钢' T '型材。冬季总窗墙u值为0.70 w/m2k，高SHGC为0.20。

the fac?ade’s external glazing layer is comprised of heat-curved, laminated, uncoated low-iron glass panels that are pre-bonded to extruded aluminum interlocking cassettes, affixed to top-hung steel ‘T’ profiles providing a minimal appearance. the internal glazing layer is composed of double-glazed, heat-curved, low-iron safety glass units with a triple-silver low-e coating on surface 3; it is installed similarly to the external laminated panel with a pre-glazed aluminum assembly and steel ‘T’ profile. the aggregate window-wall U-value is 0.70 w/m2k with a high SHGC of 0.20 for solar heat gains in winter.

玻璃幕墙系统在扩建工程的声学性能中发挥了重要作用。

- 双层外墙将排练台、乐队排练、练习室、公共项目和办公室与街道噪音隔离开来。

- 石头百叶窗让房间展现出自己和房间内的活动，而不影响其声学完整性。

- 中空玻璃系统中20毫米玻璃内层的质量和整体阻尼有助于声学温暖，并减轻玻璃作为声学饰面时经常出现的亮度。

- 弧形玻璃提供了声学扩散，并与排练阶段的技术通道一起为表演者提供声学支持。

the glass fac?ade system plays a significant role in the expansion’s acoustic performance:

? the double fac?ade isolates the rehearsal stages, orchestra rehearsal, practice rooms, public programs, and offices from street noise;

? the stone louvers allow the rooms to reveal themselves and the activity within them without impacting their acoustic integrity;

? the mass and integral damping of the 20 mm glass inner lite in the insulating glass system contribute acoustic warmth and mitigate brightness often associated with glass when it is used as an acoustic finish;

? and the curved glass provides acoustic diffusion and — working together with the technical catwalks in the rehearsal stages — acoustic support for the performers.

在办公室的五个庭院中，每个庭院都有一个安装有ETFE枕头的可操作框架。框架连接到轨道上，允许可操作屋顶滑动打开，使庭院成为员工一年四季的休闲场所。

空气充气板提高了U值热性能，并通过印刷图案，可以根据需要降低SHGC。整个外墙悬挂在屋顶上，以保护其免受可变板块移动的影响，并尽量减少沿玻璃表面的水平接缝。

spanning each of the office’s five courtyards is an operable frame mounted with ETFE pillows. the frame is attached to tracks that allow the operable roof to slide open making the courtyards a year-round amenity for staff. when closed, the frame is designed as a fully gasketed, thermally broken system and acts as the courtyard’s thermal line. the air-inflated panels improve U-value thermal performance and, through printed patterns, can reduce the SHGC as required. the entire fac?ade is suspended from the roof to protect it from variable slab movements and minimize horizontal joints along the glazed surface.

这个不断变化的公共广场既可以作为咖啡馆的室外座位区，也可以作为展览、表演、市场、时装秀或电影院的活动空间。

除了吸引新的顾客，这个空间的多功能性还为科米亚歌剧院通过机构合作提供了不同的收入来源，进一步确保了其社会和经济的可持续性。

at the corner of behrenstra?e and glinkastra?e, the urban room under the expansion’s cantilever adds a dynamic public plaza to the komische oper complex and mitte. this ever-changing public square serves both as an outdoor seating area for the cafe? and as an event space for exhibitions, performances, markets, fashions shows, or cinema. in addition to attracting new patrons, the versatility of this space offers the komische oper a different source of revenue through institutional partnerships, further ensuring its social and economic sustainability.

三个封闭的混凝土核心在中心和两端扩展组成其主要的结构体系。刚性核心除了作为主要的竖向支撑元素外，还吸收主要由风荷载引起的横向运动。

所有通用的、非隔离楼板均由核心和混凝土柱组合支撑;除了一楼的传统混凝土板，它们都是“holorib”，以实现高效率和减轻重量。

three closed concrete cores at the center and at both ends of the expansion compose its primary structural system. besides functioning as the main vertical support elements, the rigid cores also absorb lateral movement, induced primarily by wind loading. all generic, non-isolated floor slabs are supported by a combination of the cores and concrete columns; except for the conventional concrete slab on the ground floor, they are ‘holorib’ to achieve high efficiency and weight reduction.

 在最上面的两层——办公室——四个平行的，通高的桁架横跨建筑的整个长度，一个连续的梁与混凝土核心一起形成20米长的悬臂悬停在城市房间和10米长的悬臂悬停在售票处。

漂浮在一般的楼板上方，顶部桁架下方，所有的排练空间都采用了盒中盒的概念，在房间之间和上层建筑之间提供最佳的声音和振动隔离。

at the top two floors — the offices — four parallel, double-height trusses span the building’s full length, a continuous beam working with the concrete cores to form the 20-meter-long cantilever hovering above the urban room and the 10-meter-long cantilever over the box office. floating above the generic slabs and below the top floor trusses, all the rehearsal spaces employ a box-in-box concept, providing optimal sound and vibration isolation amongst the rooms and from the superstructure.

 排练阶段和管弦乐队排练被建造成独立的盒子，放置在隔振器上，并使用隔声墙连接在主要上部结构的侧面。

更大的排练舞台和管弦乐队排练箱使用各种组合的常规和预应力预制混凝土楼板/天花板、预制墙和钢桁架，而小型排练舞台箱由预制混凝土板和石膏板墙壁/天花板组成。

相比之下，练习室的盒子——由木地板和石膏板墙壁/天花板组成——由办公室桁架上的吊架悬挂的传统混凝土板弹性支撑。

the rehearsal stages and orchestra rehearsal are constructed as independent boxes resting on isolators and attached laterally to the primary superstructure using acoustic wall ties. the larger rehearsal stage and orchestra rehearsal boxes are built using various combinations of conventional and pre-stressed precast concrete floor/ceiling slabs, precast walls, and steel trusses, while the small rehearsal stage box is composed of a precast concrete slab and plasterboard walls/ceilings. by contrast, the practice room boxes — composed of wood floors and plasterboard walls/ceilings — are resiliently supported on a conventional concrete slab suspended by hangers from the office trusses.

扩建工程采用了多项可持续发展战略，包括：

自然通风的外墙，优化的建筑系统（置换式通风；多孔空气分布；高效、显热、潜热回收装置和低压空气管道；辐射热系统；地热地源系统），光伏组件，绿色屋顶和开放空间。

 

the expansion adopts several sustainable strategies, including: a naturally-ventilated fac?ade, optimized building systems (displacement ventilation; plenum air distribution; high-efficiency, sensible, and latent heat recovery units and low- pressure air ducting; radiant thermal systems; geothermal ground source system), photovoltaic modules, green roof, and open space.

办公室层的自然通风通过被动调节的庭院提供，这些庭院在冬天是封闭的，有三层ETFE枕头型空间，可以在中期和夏季打开。

这创造了半开放的植物缓冲空间，从冬季最低年温度12°c到夏季阴凉的环境温度，充分利用作为休息和娱乐空间。

庭院立面采用单层玻璃，为办公室提供最佳的日光质量和自然通风。ETFE枕头型空间下面的纺织遮阳系统有助于控制日光、眩光和温度。 

natural ventilation at the office levels is provided via the passively tempered courtyards, which are thermally closed in winter with triple layer ETFE pillows that can be opened in the intermediate and summer seasons. this creates semi-open planted buffer spaces, ranging from a minimum annual temperature of 12°c in winter to shaded ambient temperatures in summer for full use as breakout and recreational spaces. the courtyard facades are single glazed for optimal daylight quality and natural ventilation for the offices. a textile shading system below the ETFE pillows helps control daylight, glare, and temperature.

建筑单位：REX

年份：2020

占地面积：38,000平方米

项目地点：德国

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