绿色建筑设计策略：极简现代的玻璃幕墙立面，空中花园有序地布局

海南能源交易大厦

大元建筑工场  Kris Yao | Artech

海南能源贸易大厦傲然矗立在中国海南省省会海口市郊区的新兴工业、金融和住宅区江东新区。兖矿集团是该大厦的业主和租户，专门从事矿业生产和销售、高端煤炭加工和现代物流，该公司总部提前进驻江东新区，为其他领先企业的效仿铺平了道路。

大楼是一个浮动的盒子，位于景观底层之上，进入中庭后，一个令人印象深刻的中央庭院迎面而来。外部刚硬的线条与间隔设置的空中花园形成鲜明对比--刚柔并济，创造出一个和谐的整体，反映了该新兴区域将现有场地条件与尖端技术相结合的目标。

The Hainan Energy Trading Building stands proudly in Jiangdong New District, an emerging industrial, financial, and residential development on the outskirts of Haikou, the capital of China’s Hainan province. The Yankuang Group, owner and occupier of the building, specializes in mining production and sales, high-end coal processing, and modern logistics, and the early entry of the firm’s headquarters in Jiangdong New District paves the way for other leading businesses to follow suit. The building is a floating box above a landscaped ground floor, and an impressive central courtyard greets visitors as they enter the atrium. The rigid lines of the exterior contrast with the sky gardens positioned at regular intervals—a blend of rigidity and softness that creates a harmonious whole, mirroring the fledgling district’s aim of combining existing site conditions with cutting-edge technology.

该项目的可持续设计与兖矿集团的绿色能源倡议相辅相成。首先，通过外部的空中花园和内部的大量种植，最大限度地增加了绿化。空中花园有序地分布在相对的角落，每四层就有一个，每次旋转 90 度。

在室内，多层弧形阳台横跨电梯箱之间的空间，这些阳台上密密麻麻地种满了的植物，从阳台边缘蔓延开来。这是一个充满自然气息的空间，旨在为员工提供一种宁静和幸福的感觉。

The sustainable design of this project goes hand-in-hand with Yankuang Group’s green-energy initiatives. Firstly, greenery is maximized with the exterior sky gardens as well as abundant planting in the interior. The sky gardens punch in opposing corners in an orderly fashion, occurring every four floors and rotating 90 degrees each time. Inside, multiple tiers of curving balconies span the spaces between the elevator boxes, and these are densely packed with unruly plants that spill out over their edges. This is a nature-filled space designed to provide employees with a sense of peace and well-being.

其次，在 75 米高的中庭采用有效的遮阳和叠层通风策略，为庭院创造了宜人的小气候。由于各楼层的气压、温度和密度水平存在差异，进入的新鲜空气会迫使陈腐空气向上流动，并通过屋顶开口排出，从而保持室内通风良好，为使用者提供舒适的温度。

Secondly, the courtyard creates a pleasant microclimate, made possible by effective shading and stack ventilation strategies in the 75-meter-high atrium. Due to the differences in air pressure, temperature, and density levels at each floor, incoming fresh air forces stale air upward and out through the roof opening, keeping the interior well-ventilated and thermally comfortable for its users.

其中特别引人注目的是采用高透明玻璃的节能双层幕墙设计，从内部可以一览无余地欣赏海岸和市中心的美景，从外部则可以自豪地展示建筑的结构--简洁、纤细而又非常坚固。每四层旋转一次的宽敞空中花园，没有一根柱子与之相扰，使上面其他四层的体量可以悬挑 14 米。这是通过巨型支撑物实现的，这些支撑物最大限度地减少了结构的横向挠度，为加强抗震能力提供了可行的解决方案。

One particularly spectacular feature is the energy-efficient double skin facade design with high-transparent glass, which from the inside provides office workers with unobstructed views of the coast and downtown area and, from the outside, proudly showcases the building’s structure—clean, slender, yet very robust. None of the pillars interrupts the spacious sky gardens that rotate every four levels, allowing the volume of the other four floors above to cantilever up to 14 meters. This is achieved through mega-bracings that minimize the lateral deflection of the structure and provide a feasible solution for strengthening earthquake resistance.

充足的日光从双层外墙的四面照射进来，降低了对人工照明的需求。内外玻璃层之间的电动百叶可通过太阳能跟踪系统的传感器自动调节，再加上智能照明控制系统，大大提高了室内环境的舒适度，减少了空调系统的使用，达到了节能的目的。

此外，倾斜的屋顶和每隔四层楼的偏置立面为空中花园和办公空间提供了充足的自然光，同时为大部分走廊和中庭遮阳，防止在海南温暖的气候条件下出现过热现象。屋顶的设计也向传统的江南民居致敬，雨水顺着四面倾斜的平面流下，汇聚到下面的方形庭院中，寓意着好运流入并留在一个家庭，在这里则是一家公司。这些设计策略还大大提高了建筑的可持续性，使海南能源交易大楼成为世界绿色建筑的杰出典范。

Sufficient daylight pours through the double-skin facade on all four sides, lowering the need for artificial lighting. The electric louvers between the inner and outer glass layers can be automatically adjusted by the sensors of the solar tracking system, which, together with the intelligent lighting control system, greatly increase the comfort of the indoor environment and reduce the use of air-conditioning systems to reach energy-saving goals. In addition, the slanted roof and the offset facade at four-story intervals provide the sky gardens and the office spaces with ample natural light while shading most of the corridors and atrium to prevent overheating in the warm Hainan climate. The roof also pays tribute to the traditional Jiangnan home, in which rain is designed to run down slanted planes on four sides and gather in a square courtyard below, signifying the flow and retention of good fortune into a family—or, in this context, a company. These design strategies also greatly increase the sustainability of the building, making the Hainan Energy Trading Building a standout example in the world of green architecture.

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